Cathodoluminescence imaging is a powerful technique for analyzing the local optical properties of 2D materials with high spatial resolution. CL can be used for analysis of hBN layers, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as WSe2 as well as multilayered devices.
2D materials are materials that are extremely thin down to a single atomic layer. Such materials have gained a lot of interest in recent years due to their exotic electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, and their potential for creating extremely thin (flatland) optoelectronic devices.
Most of these 2D materials already have unique properties themselves, but by combining several layers into a multilayer device (van der Waals heterostructure) even more possibilities emerge.
Cathodoluminescence can be used to measure the local optical properties of 2D materials by measuring the local light emission when the material is stimulated by the electron beam. Due to the high energy of the electron beam even wide-bandgap materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (~5.9 eV) bandgap can be excited efficiently. This allows studying 2D materials in many forms including multilayers and composite structures. For studying luminescence in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) like WSe2 and WS2 it is particularly useful if the layers are protected in a multilayer geometry, e.g. encapsulated in hBN. This enhances emission efficiency, protects the layer from damage, and increases the interaction with the electron beam. Thicker TMDC layers can also support exciton polaritons which can be studied with coherent CL imaging in bare layers.
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